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  1. The Horrifying History of Gas Warfare | Britannica

    But Haber was willing to pervert this chemical genius to help Germany win the war. And he set out to craft deadlier chemical weapons, leading a group of scientists the German military …

  2. Chemical reaction | Definition, Equations, Examples, & Types

    Oct 10, 2025 · A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances, the reactants, are converted to one or more different substances, the products. Substances are either …

  3. Chemical compound | Definition, Examples, & Types | Britannica

    Nov 11, 2025 · All the matter in the universe is composed of the atoms of more than 100 different chemical elements, which are found both in pure form and combined in chemical compounds.

  4. Chemistry | Definition, Topics, Types, History, & Facts | Britannica

    Nov 8, 2025 · The identification of pure substances and the analysis of chemical mixtures enable all other chemical disciplines to flourish. The importance of analytical chemistry has never …

  5. Chemical element | Definition, Origins, Distribution, & Facts

    Oct 17, 2025 · A chemical element is any substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary chemical processes. Elements are the fundamental materials of which …

  6. Marine ecosystem - Salinity, Temperature, Oxygen | Britannica

    Oct 24, 2025 · The chemical composition of seawater reflects such processes as erosion of rock and sediments, volcanic activity, gas exchange with the atmosphere, the metabolic and …

  7. Chemical Definition & Meaning | Britannica Dictionary

    CHEMICAL meaning: 1 : of or relating to chemistry; 2 : working by means of chemicals

  8. chemical energy - Kids | Britannica Kids | Homework Help

    People have invented ways to use the chemical energy of substances to power machines. For example, the chemical energy inside the substances in a battery can be transformed into …

  9. chemistry - Kids | Britannica Kids | Homework Help

    In 1661 a British scientist named Robert Boyle described chemical elements as simple, basic substances. In the 1770s a French chemist named Antoine Lavoisier helped to explain …

  10. Bisphenol A (BPA) | Description, Biological Effects,

    Oct 17, 2025 · Much speculation centres around whether BPA is a true endocrine disruptor chemical (EDC) in humans (broadly defined, an EDC is an exogenous substance, one that …