It ends the Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP) and Government Pension Offset (GPO), which reduced or eliminated the Social Security benefits of over 3.2 million people who receive a pension based on work that was not covered by Social Security (a "non-covered pension").

Retirees looking forward to increased benefits because of the Social Security Fairness Act may now have to wait more than one year due to reduced funding for the Social Security Administration (SSA).